Health and medical information

Q. I suppose everybody has suffered from an infection of the stomach and bowel system.

A. This is undoubted, for via the mouth, germs have direct access to the stomach and intestinal systems. Located on food they are quickly transmitted to the stomach and intestinal system where they multiply and produce irritation of the bowel lining, causing an increased rate of peristalsis (movement) which gives rise to abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, a fever, perspiration, chills, lack of appetite, general aches all over and headaches. Dehydration and prostration may occur quickly, especially in small children.

Q. Is this the same as food poisoning?

A. The symptoms are similar but in food poisoning germs have actually entered the food, multiplied there and produced their toxins which are then eaten. The body absorbs these and similar symptoms occur. They may be severe but are usually self-limiting.

Q. What is the best treatment?

A. In simple cases, starvation for 24-48 hours is best. Adequate fluids, such as frequent sips of cool water, or lemonade with powdered glucose D (about Vi tsp per half glass); ice blocks or chipped ice. Cool sponges will help brighten the spirits. Gradually resume normal meals but small amounts of non fatty products are best. Fats seem to aggravate the condition. Doctors sometimes prescribe anti-vomiting medication but it is usually unnecessary. Diarrhoea also may benefit from medication such as Lomotil or Imodium but this is for adults only.

Q. Aren’t some cases due to specific organisms?

A. Most of the common causes of gastro, as it is commonly called, are due to viruses, often transmitted by flies. Other types are due to certain identifiable organisms which produce dysentery, such as one named shigella. Symptoms are similar or may be more severe. Fluid replacement is necessary and certain antibiotics are effective. Medical supervision is advisable both for diagnosis and treatment.

A very severe type of bowel disorder is called botulism, rarely seen in Australia. This infects food and may produce serious symptoms which may be life-endangering. They are similar in nature to general bowel infections but may lead on to prostration, weakness and sometimes respiratory failure as the nerves are poisoned. Special anti-toxins are available.

Q. Is it advisable to seek medical help with any bowel disorder?

A. Often symptoms are mild and fairly quickly vanish. However, with any persisting symptoms, especially if associated with considerable fluid loss and abdominal pain, medical attention is essential. This is very important in babies and infants who dehydrate rapidly and may quickly reach an irreversible stage. Many years ago huge numbers died from simple gastric infections.

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